This study empirically examines the success determinants that instigate or contribute to project success and empirically evaluates the levels of importance at which the ascertained determinants contribute to project success in China. Based on a literature review and interviews, a questionnaire survey used to gather a total of 129 valid responses was gathered from megaproject experts who have worked on at least a billion RMB (approximately USD 0.14 billion) worth of projects in different provinces. Moreover, factor analysis was adopted to explore and identify the underlying relationships among the identified critical success factors. The top three success factors were adequate communication and coordination among related parties, cooperation and strong support from local governments and partnering/relationships with key stakeholders. Six constructs were developed from thirty-five success variables using the Factor Analysis tool, with the topmost-ranked construct being organisational-related factors. This paper can provide valuable insights and a holistic critical success factor framework concerning construction megaproject management. Particularly, it contributes to a deepened understanding of the megaproject’s success factors and helps project stakeholders to manage megaprojects more effectively. Additionally, this study could serve as the premise for further empirical research on determining factors of megaproject success in different contexts.